SURFACE EMITTING LASER WITH PHOTONIC CRYSTAL WAVEGUIDING AND OUTCOUPLING BY A DISCONTINUOUS CLADDING LAYER

摘要

A surface emitting laser having a laminated structure has a first region and a second region. The first region is a region having at least one guided mode as a propagation mode in which light is propagated in the in-plane direction of a substrate at a laser oscillation wavelength. The second region is a region having a substrate radiation mode in which light is emitted to the side of the substrate at the laser oscillation wavelength. A photonic crystal (1010) is in the upper part of the waveguide layer (1000) having an active layer (1020). By thickness modulation of the cladding layer (1030) between the waveguide (1000) and the substrate (1040) the two regions may be realized. A thin cladding layer (1030) allows light to leak to the substrate (1040).