| 摘要 |
FIELD: chemistry. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of producing anionic surfactants through sulphation of -olefins C8-C18, or primary aliphatic alcohols C8-C18, or aromatic hydrocarbons with sulphuric acid of concentration of not less than 92-93% or with oleum with SO3 concentration of 7-10% with subsequent steps for neutralising the reaction sulfo-mass with sodium hydroxide, extraction of the surfactant using methanol production wastes - mixture of alcohols, formation and subsequent separation of the water-alcohol solution of the surfactant and saturated aqueous Na2SO4 solution, dilution of the water-alcohol solution of surfactant twice with water, extraction of non-sulphated hydrocarbons with light petrol with tboil=45-120C, distillation of the petrol fraction, feeding the water-alcohol solution of surfactant to the first distillation step where ternary azeotrope is distilled off, the middle layer of which, after physical separation from other layers, is fed to the extraction step, and the surfactant solution is fed to the second water distillation step to obtain commercial grade surfactant, where the mixture of alcohols has the following composition: weight fraction of the organic part of less than 80%, including: methyl alcohol - not more than 0.5%, ethyl alcohol - 9.0-10.0%, n-propyl alcohol - 2.0-3.0%, iso-propyl alcohol - 14.0-17.0%, n-butyl alcohol - 1.0-2.0%, iso-butyl alcohol 30.0-35.0%, amyl alcohol and higher alcohols - 8.5-9.0%, not more than 20.0% water, not more than 0.850 g/cm3 density. ^ EFFECT: use of methanol production wastes in the process of producing anionic surfactants reduces cost of the product. ^ 1 cl, 1 ex, 1 tbl |
