| 摘要 |
Dry-cleaning compositions comprise (a) a cleaning solvent, such as petrol, ligrain, benzene, toluene, xylene, carbon tetrachloride, trichlorethylene or perchlorethylene, (b) a surface-active agent, (c) 0.1-10 g./l., preferably 0.1-2 g./l., of an amine containing 8-32 carbon atoms, and (d) water, usually in an amount up to 1% of the total volume of liquid present. Compound (b) may be anionic, for example an alkyl sulphate or sulphonate or an alkylbenzene sulphonate, which compounds contain 10-26 carbon atoms; non-ionic, for example adducts of ethylene oxide with alcohols, fatty acids, amides, or mercaptans containing 10-26 carbon atoms; or cationic, such as quaternary ammonium compounds. The amine (c) is preferably an alkylamine, but the alkyl group may be interrupted by hetero-atoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, or sulphur, or substituted by amino, imino or hydroxyl groups. Specified amines are octyl-, decyl-, dodecyl-, and hexadecylamines, dodecylhydroxyethylamine, hexadecylmethylamine, dihexadecylamine, dodecyldiethylamine, octadecyldiethylamine, amines derived from tallow and coconut oil fatty acids, b -aminoethyldecyl ether, b -aminoethyldodecyl thioether, and dodecylaminoethylamine. In addition non-aliphatic or cycloaliphatic amines such as naphthylamine, abietylamine, or alkylcyclohexylamines may be used. If the amine used contains free ammonia, a carboxylic acid, such as acetic, lauric, or palmitic acid, is added in a quantity somewhat less than is stoichiometrically required, to neutralize undesired strong alkalinity. |
