| 摘要 |
The invention relates to a method for producing synthesis gas and/or liquid raw materials and/or energy storage media from biomass and/or waste, wherein waste refers to all biogenic and organic residue and waste comprising adhering or bound inorganic materials, pollutants, and water. According to the invention, the feed materials, which can optionally be mechanically processed, are fed to a solvolysis reactor by completely converting the organic components of the biomass and/or waste to the liquid phase in a high-concentration alkaline solution or hydrate melt at a temperature of 150°C -250°C and a pressure of 3 to 12 bar, and by sedimenting the inorganic components. Biomass can also be completely dissolved this way, as well as waste containing plastics. The sedimented inorganic components can be separated from the liquid phase using physical separation methods and can be processed for the purposes of recovering valuable materials, in particular metals. By transferring the entrained steam arising from the solvolysis to a rectification column, the organic components of the steam can be separated from water. The yield of separated organic substances can be increased through catalytic hydration and a quantitative yield is possible in the limiting case. Further processing of the organic material for energetic and/or material utilization is done in multiple processing steps through rectification, distillation, extraction, sorption and/or thermochemical gasification. Non-separable organic components that exist primarily in aqueous solution or suspension are preferably gasified to form a synthesis gas or are incinerated for energetic recovery. Through the final thermal processes or during separation of the organic material, the alkali is recovered, which can be reused as a reactant. |
