| 摘要 |
A liquid ejection head includes a liquid-ejection head substrate including an element, which generates thermal energy used for ejecting a liquid from an ejection port, and a protective layer, which covers at least the element, and in which first layers and second layers are alternately stacked; a flow passage member which defines a wall of a flow passage communicating with the ejection port; and a flow-passage electrode disposed in the flow passage.
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