| 摘要 |
An energy-saving greenhouse comprises an enclosing construction of roofing with a multispan profile, the parameters of which are standardized as regards to glass sheets. Outer transparent enclosing elements of the construction are made as double-layered ones, on the southern side of the vertical enclosing surface at the level of a under-roof girdle a shutter of a sun-and-heat protection screen with a photocell and driving mechanisms is arranged, at the same level pipes of A-type heating system with mechanisms of regulating the temperature of a heat-bearing agent are disposed. Along the contour of the greenhouse deepened heat-protecting base panels of a ground heat-protecting screen with a layer of water-impermeable insulation are mounted. A roof cover has equal-sized slopes with an angle of slope to the plant surface, a mixed heating system includes heating-ventilation units of air and water heating, a system of supplying a heat carrier is equipped with an electronic flow-meter, a water-supply system has an additional tank of reserve water and an automatic flow-meter thereof. The enclosing roofing has single-or multispan profile with equal-sized slopes and unequal angle of incline to the horizontal surface, the outer enclosing elements of the construction are multilayered of transparent, wind- and moisture–protecting layer, which transmits heat and optical radiation. On the enclosing structures of the northern vertical and sloped surfaces, end western and eastern surfaces up to the level of the under-roofing girder or up to a ridge of the greenhouse, between hot-water heating pipes and the transparent cover, heat-protecting screens with high index of reflecting heat and optical radiation with single-sided or double-sided reflecting cover are disposed. In doing so a three-layer structure of the enclosing surface of the greenhouse is formed: transparent material – air layer – a screen, the heat resistance of heat transfer of which is increased from 0.25 (mK)/Wt up to 2.20 (mK)/Wt, thermal control is provided with a combined heating system, which includes using traditional energy sources – water, air and a renewable one – solar energy. The solar energy is used for heating the water in solar collectors for different needs and directly of the environment of the greenhouse. Due to reflecting the heat radiation of the Sun, soil and the roof of the heat-protecting screen heat losses caused by the enclosing construction in winter are reduced by 136-195 Wt/m, which is 54 kWt for a greenhouse of an area of , that improves the energy effectiveness of systems of greenhouse heat supply. |
