| 摘要 |
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To model each bolt using a beam element in a FEA model. SOLUTION: To apply desired pretension to one or more bolts, at least one pretension-versus-time curve is specified. Each pretension-versus-time curve has a ramp portion, a desired pretension portion and an optional unloading portion. The duration of the pretension-versus-time curve generally covers first 0.5-1% of total simulation time of a car crashworthiness analysis. The ramp portion starts from zero to desired pretension in a substantially linear manner, hence being configured for applying desired pretension to the bolt gradually with smaller increments. The desired pretension portion is configured for ensuring the desired pretension can actually be applied to the beam element during an initialization process, that is, a series of quasi-static analyses. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT |
