| 摘要 |
PURPOSE: A method to impart an electrostatic charge to particles is provided to stabilize developed images when the toner or carrier surface ages or the water content in the air changes. CONSTITUTION: A method to impart an electrostatic charge to particles comprises: providing a plurality of particles(145) to be charged; providing a plurality of nanostructures(120) disposed over a first electrode array(111), the first electrode array comprising a plurality of electrodes spaced apart; providing a multi-phase voltage source operatively coupled to the first electrode array; applying a multi-phase voltage to the first electrode array to create a traveling electric field between each electrode of the first electrode array, thereby causing electron emission from the plurality of nanostructures and forming a plurality of charged particles; and transporting each of the plurality of charged particles using the traveling electric field onto a surface.
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