Verfahren zum Messen von physikalischen Groessen

摘要

1,145,562. Photo-electric measuring. OSTERREICHISCHE STUDIENGESELLSCHAFT FUR ATOMENERGIE G.m.b.H. March 15, 1966 [March 19, 1965(2)], No.11275/66. Heading G1A. Measurement of physical characteristics such as thickness, weight per unit area, density, absorption &c. of materials, particularly individual sheets, is carried out by transmitting radiation through the material 9 to a detector 2 and obtaining a pulse count in a predetermined time, then substituting for the material a comparison absorption member 3, and obtaining a measure of the time for the same pulse count to be registered as before, the time measured being used to obtain the required value for the material. The method can be applied to investigating plastics or glass sheets (for thickness or weight/area). In typical apparatus an Ru 106 source and plastics scintillator detector, are used but an X-ray tube source can be used. The circuit includes a programme control unit 4, counter 5, timer 6, oscillator 7 supplying time pulses to the timer and a timer display 8 which may be digital or linear. The circuit is detailed in Fig.2 (not shown). The measurement of a physical characteristic of the material is carried out in two stages. Initially, the plastics comparison chamber 3 is in the radiation path. The introduction of the material 9 tobe tested changes the count rate and this change is detected by a control unit 4 so that the absorber 3 is ejected. After a predetermined delay to allow the required portion of the material to enter the radiation path, the counter 5 is actuated to count pulses from the detector, at the same time the timer 6 counting pulses from an oscillator 7. The time of counting of the timer is predetermined and is related to the comparison absorber thickness as determined in previous measurements and on attaining this time, the timer causes stopping of the counter 5. The comparison absorber is then moved back into the radiation path and the material 9 is removed. The change in counting rate is sensed and as a result the count stored in counter 5 inverted so that the number stored is its full capacity minus the value counted in the first measurement. After a delay, the counter 5 is restarted. As the counter counts, the timer counts pulses from the oscillator, displaying the count continuously on a numerical digital display. When the counter 5 reaches its full capacity it stops the timer 6, whose final display value is the required measurement and is proportional to the physical quantity of interest. The oscillator frequency can be adjusted by means of a feedback from the indicator so that the value indicated is a required function (e.g. linear) of the physical quantity actually measured. It can be arranged that the display gives the actual value of the physical quantity of interest.