| 摘要 |
<p>Electrically-polar crystals are introduced into the reaction volume in divided form, or immobilized on a substrate. Reagents are then introduced and brought into contact with them. An adsorption layer is either removed from or formed on the polar crystals. To do this, the crystals are stimulated to cause activation or passivation of their dipole fields. In this way, by means of the local electrical dipole fields, heterogeneously-catalyzed chemical reaction of the reagents is brought about at the surfaces of the electrically-polar crystals. A filter basket holding polar crystal particles is placed in a reactor which provides the reaction volume. The crystals are alternatively immobilized in a porous filter matrix with a very high specific surface area, before introduction into the reactor. In a variant, the crystals are coated onto another material or onto the reactor wall. A chemical mechanism causes the crystals to release the electrical fields, by exploiting specific adsorption and de-sorption properties of the reactants. Alternatively a mechanical mechanism is used, in which the crystals are vibrated or subjected to ultrasound stimulation. A thermodynamic mechanism is employed, in which the pressure and/or temperature of the reaction medium is varied. When using mechanical stimulation, cavitation effects are induced in turbulent flow or are the result of ultrasound excitation of the reaction medium. The fields alternatively result from stimulation of the crystals using electromagnetic radiation and/or particle-jetting.</p> |
