| 摘要 |
817,834. Animal feeds. INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION. Oct. 18, 1955, No. 29675/55. Class 5(2). Livestock feed is made from a vegetable material, e.g. cottonseed, corn, soya beans, castor beans, linseed, peanuts, and safflower seeds, by a process comprising comminuting the vegetable material, extracting oil therefrom, and coating the extracted material with soapstock. A conveyor 10 passes the vegetable material, preferably comminuted, through a cooker 12 and thence to flaking rolls 20 where it is comminuted further. The rolls are connected to an extraction column 23 to which the vegetable material is passed to undergo extraction by means of a volatile solvent, e.g. n-hexane, introduced at the lower end of the column from source 25. Before extraction, however, non- toxic alkaline reagents exemplified by soda ash, sodium bicarbonate or hydroxide, disodium or trisodium phosphate or the correspending calcium or potassium salts, or urea, are passed from a hopper 29 and added to the vegetable material at 28. The reagents are said to interact with colour bodies, waxes, gums, a very small part of the free fatty acids, and gossypol, contained in the vegetable material, converting them from oil-soluble to water-soluble substances. These substances, together with vegetable material from which oil has been extracted, are removed by a conveyer 32 to a drier 34. The miscella, i.e. mixture of oil and solvent, passes through a filter 38 to a tank 39 and thence to a device 41 which regulates the mixing of miscella with aqueous caustic soda solution supplied from a tank 54. Sufficient caustic soda is added to neutralize free fatty acids contained in the miscella. Mixed miscella and caustic soda are passed to a homogenizer 60 where soapstock (crude soap) is agglomerated. After further agglomeration in an economizer 69 by successive heating and cooling, the mixture, now in two phases, passes to a centrifuge 74 in which soapstock is separated from the oil and most of the solvent. The soapstock containing small quantities of solvent adhering thereto passes through conduit 76 to the drier 34 to be mixed there with the residual vegetable material in a proportion of at least 1 per cent. by weight of residue. The solvent facilitates distribution of a film of soap stock throughout the vegetable material. Solvent and moisture are subsequently evaporated in the drier and the resultant meal is then suitable for use as a livestock feed or it can be first made into pellets in an apparatus 77. Specification 816,792 [Group III] is referred to. |
