| 摘要 |
<p>#CMT# #/CMT# Electrolytic material for electrically controllable device with different optical/energetic properties, comprises self-supported polymer matrix containing ionic fillers within its core and solubilization liquid of the ionic fillers, the liquid does not solubilize the self-supported polymer matrix and ensures a percolation path of the ionic fillers. #CMT# : #/CMT# Independent claims are included for: (1) the preparation of the elecrolytic material comprising mixing the polymer granules with a solvent and optionally a porous polymer matrix, a porogenic agent, pouring the resulting formulation on a support and after evaporation of solvent, eliminating the pyrogenic agent by washing in a solvent e.g. when it is not eliminated during the evaporation of solvent, removing the resulting self-supported film, impregnating the by the solubilization liquid and optional draining; (2) kit for the manufacture of the electroactive material, comprising the self-supported polymer matrix; and solubilization liquid of ionic fillers in which such ionic fillers are solubilized; (3) electrically controllable device with different optical/energetic properties, comprising the electrolytic material; (4) manufacturing the electrically controllable device, comprising assembling the different layers by calendering or browsing, possibly in heating; and (5) single or multiple glazing comprising the electrically controllable device. #CMT#USE : #/CMT# The electrically controllable device is useful in a roof for motor vehicle i.e. automatically activatable, or a side window or rear window for motor vehicle or mirror, a windshield or a portion of the windscreen of a motor vehicle, an aircraft or vessel, a car roof, a window of aircraft, a billboard of graphic and/or alphanumeric information, glass inside or outside the building i.e. a roof window, a display, store counter, a glass protection of a table type object, an anti-glare screen for computer, glass furniture and a wall separating two rooms inside a building (claimed). #CMT#INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING : #/CMT# Preferred Components: The electrically controllable device comprises a first glass substrate, a first electrical conducting layer with combined current, a first layer of electroactive reservoir material of ionic fillers, responding to a current, the electrolytic material, a second electrical conducting layer with combined current and a second glass substrate layer, at least one of two layers of electroactive materials being electrochromic able to change color under the effect of an electric current, and ionic fillers of electrolytic material enclosed in the layers of electroactive material and not enclosed in the other layer of electroactive material during the application of a current to get a color contrast between the two layers of the electroactive material. #CMT#ORGANIC CHEMISTRY : #/CMT# Preferred Components: The solubilization liquid comprises a solvent or its mixture and/or an ionic liquid or salt molten at room temperature. The ionic salts are lithium perchlorate, trifluoromethanesulfonate or triflate salts, trifluoromethanesulfonylimide salts or ammonium salts. The acids are sulfuric acid, triflic acid, phosphoric acid and polyphosphoric acid. The solvents are dimethylsulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone), gamma-butyrolactone, ethylene glycols, alcohols, ketones, nitriles or water. The ionic liquids are imidazolium salts, such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethane sulfonate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. #CMT#POLYMERS : #/CMT# Preferred Components: The ionic fillers are carried by ionic salt and/or an acid soluble in the liquid and/or the self-supported polymer matrix. The self-supported polymer matrix comprises at least one polymer layer having the liquid penetrated to the core. The polymer comprising the layer is a homo- or copolymer in the form of a porous film optionally capable of being inflated in the liquid comprising the fillers, where the porosity of the film after inflation allows the percolation of the ionic fillers in the thickness of the film impregnated with liquid. The polymer material comprising the layer is: homo- or copolymers having no ionic fillers, carried by ionic salt or solubilized acid and/or an ionic liquid or molten salt; homo- or copolymers containing ionic fillers, the additional fillers enhancing the percolation rate, carried by ionic salt or solubilized acid and/or ionic liquid or molten salt; or their mixture. The polymer matrix is made up of a film based on a homo- or copolymer containing ionic fillers, capable of giving a film essentially capable of ensuring the percolation rate of the ionic fillers or a percolation rate of the homo- or copolymers optionally comprising the ionic fillers, capable of giving a film that does not assure the required percolation rate while ensuring the mechanical content, where the content of each of the homo- or copolymers being controlled to assure the required percolation rate and the resulting mechanical content of the self-supported matrix. The polymer matrix not comprising ionic fillers, are copolymers of ethylene, vinyl acetate and optionally an other comonomer, comprising ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers, polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyimide (PI), polyamides (PA), polystyrene (PS), poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), polyether ether-ketone (PEEK), poly (ethylene oxide) (POE), epichlorhydrin copolymers and poly (methyl meth acrylate) (PMMA). The polymer matrix comprising ionic fillers or polyelectrolytes are sulfonated polymers that have undergone exchange of protons of the sulfonic acid groups by desired ions, the ion exchange is done before and/or simultaneously with the inflation of polyelectrolyte in the liquid containing ionic fillers. The sulfonated polymers are sulfonated copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene, sulfonated polystyrene (PSS), sulfonated polystyrene polymers, poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS), polyetheretherketones (PEEK) or sulfonated polyimides. The self-supported polymer matrix comprises 1-3 layers, preferably two layers in which a pile of the layers is constituted by electrolyte and/or non-electrolyte polymer layers before penetration to the core of the liquid, then inflated by the liquid, or three layers in which two outer layers are layers of low inflation to promote the mechanical holding of the material and the middle layer is a layer of high inflation to promote the percolation rate of ionic charges. The self-supported polymer matrix is nanostructured by the incorporation of nanoparticle fillers or inorganic nanoparticles, particularly silica nanoparticles. The glass substrates are glass and transparent polymers comprising poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthoate (PEN) and cycloolefin copolymers (COC). The electronically conductive layers are metal layers comprising silver, gold, platinum and copper or layers of oxide based transparent conductor (OTC) comprising layers of indium oxide doped with tin, indium oxide doped with antimony, tin oxide doped fluoride and zinc oxide doped with aluminum, or multilayerd of OTC/metal/OTC type, OTC and any of the given metals, or multilayerd of nickel chromium/metal/nickel chromium, comprising the given metals. The two layers of electro active material are layers of identical electrochromic material or different materials comprising a complementary color, one of them being coloration anode, the other in coloration cathode, or one of the layers is an electrochromic layer and another is non-electrochromic, being the reservoir of fillers or counter-ion electrode. The electrochromic materials are inorganic materials comprising oxide of tungsten, nickel, iridium, niobium, tin, bismuth, vanadium, nickel, antimony and tantalum individually or in combination, optionally with additional metal as titanium, tantalum and rhenium, organic materials comprising electrical conductive polymers comprising polythiophene derivatives, polypyrrole or polyaniline, complexes comprising Prussian blue and/or metallopolymers. The nonelectrochromic material is optically neutral in the oxidation concerned states, comprising vanadium oxide, where the counter-electrode is optionally made of a thin layer of silver or a fine layer of highly conductive carbon i.e. nanostructured materials to increase transparency. The electrically controllable device works in transmission or reflection. The substrates are transparent, plain or curved, clear or tinted in the mass, opaque or opacified, polygonal or at least partially curve, and at least one of the substrate has another feature such as solar control, anti-reflection or self-cleaning feature. The electrically controllable device constitutes a glass, i.e. mounted in different layers of single or multiple glazing.</p> |
