| 摘要 |
In accordance with the invention, refining raw materials containing organic constituents, such as raw materials containing oil and/or bitumen, in particular oil or tar sand or oil shale, is effected with the following steps: supplying the raw materials to an expulsion stage and expelling a hydrocarbonaceous, in particular oil-containing vapor at a temperature of e.g. about 300 to 1000°C, supplying the hydrocarbonaceous vapor expelled in the expulsion stage and/or in a gasification stage downstream of the expulsion stage to a processing stage, in which the same is further processed e.g. by cracking, coking and/or hydrotreating, separating the products obtained in the processing stage and withdrawing the same, introducing the solids left in the expulsion stage and/or in the gasification stage including the non-evaporated fractions of heavy hydrocarbons into a combustion stage, burning the heavy hydrocarbons left in the solids in the combustion stage at a temperature of e.g. about 600 to 1500°C, preferably e.g. about 1050 to 1200°C, recirculating hot solids from the combustion stage into the expulsion stage and/or the gasification stage, wherein the oxidizing atmosphere of the combustion stage is separated from the atmosphere of the expulsion stage and/or the gasification stage by means of a blocking device, and supplying water into the expulsion stage and/or the gasification stage. |
