| 摘要 |
FIELD: nuclear physics. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to nuclear physics, particularly to reduction of the risk of using atomic power stations through monitoring the environment with a low-background gamma spectrometre for controlling intra-reactor processes and lifetime of fission material (plutonium) in the reactor on streams of reactor antineutrino. The technical result is achieved due to simultaneous use of all (time, spatial and energy) characteristics, inherent to inverse beta decay (e+p=e++n) particles. Antineutrinos are registered in the inverse beta decay reaction using a low-background gamma spectrometre. The gamma spectrometre has a spherical shape with photomultipliers equidistant from the centre, and antineutrino registration is done simultaneously by spectrometry and tomography of spatial characteristics of inverse beta decay using Radon formulae and method of coincidence of time characteristics of the same process. ^ EFFECT: increase in signal-to-background ratio by not less than 10, which provides for maximum attainable increase in the signal-to-background ratio when registering antineutrino streams and their spectra from the reactor so as to increase safety of operation of the atomic power station. ^ 1 dwg |
