| 摘要 |
A visible wavelength vertical cavity surface emitting laser suitable for single mode operation has an oxide aperture (81, 82) for concentrating electrical current within a central axial portion (143) of the device and a surface relief feature (144, 146) at an output surface of the device selecting for substantially single lateral mode of operation. The relationship between oxide confinement structure diameter (140) and surface relief feature diameter (141) has been mapped to provide optimum conditions for single mode behaviour and define a region of that space to produce optimum device performance in the visible device operating wavelength band between 630 nm and 690 nm.
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