A smoke and dust collection system of a tunnel is provided to collect the smoke and heat inside of the tunnel by the convection current of the air and to purify it. A smoke and dust collection system of a tunnel(10) which is made of glass wool or PC board to transmit the incident ultraviolet ray comprises: an air supply unit(20) which forms an air curtain at the entrance of the tunnel and prevents the smoke gas and heat inside the tunnel from leaking outside; a dust collecting unit(30) gathering the smoke and heat flowing toward the ceiling of the tunnel; a heat exchange unit(40) which generates energy from thermal energy variation of the collected smoke and heat; an air blower unit(50) which discharges the smoke and heat; and a purifying unit(60) purifying the smoke and heat to be discharged, by spraying water.
