| 摘要 |
A complex amplitude type spatial optical modulation element, with which the amount of generation of 0 th-order diffraction light is low, is provided. An optical element is arranged by aligning a plurality of three-dimensional cells C1(x, y) two-dimensionally on an XY plane. Each individual cell is made of a light transmitting material and has a specific amplitude and a specific phase defined therein. The individual cell has a specific optical characteristic such that when predetermined incident light is provided from the upper surface of the cell, reflection emitted light, with which amplitude and phase of the incident light have been changed in accordance with the specific amplitude and the specific phase defined in the cell, is obtained from the upper surface of the cell.
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