| 摘要 |
Hydrocarbons are converted to other hydrocarbons by contact in the vapour phase at an elevated temperature with vaporous hydrogen flouride and a high surface area solid inert to hydrogen fluoride, preferably activated carbon. The following conversions are stated to take place: (a) liquid paraffinic hydrocarbons are converted to aromatic hydrocarbons usually of higher boiling range and gaseous olefins and paraffins, e.g. heptane yields C9-C12 alkyl benzenes and C1-C3 hydrocarbons, (b) paraffins containing not more than four carbon atoms are converted to higher boiling hydrocarbons, e.g. butane yields a liquid product comprising C10-C20 acyclic mono-olefins and some C1-C3 hydrocarbons, (c) a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbon and a paraffin is converted to an alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon; when the aromatic hydrocarbon is already alkylated some conversion to tricyclic compounds occurs whether or not a paraffin is present. Alkylation tends to produce ortho-, para- and 1,2,4-derivatives. In one preferred embodiment a virgin, catalytic or thermal naphtha is treated to obtain a heavy aromatic product which may be hydrogenated, with hydrogen obtained in the conversion, to obtain jet fuel. In another embodiment a low-boiling fraction from a reformate or a raffinate from solvent extraction or a reformate is treated to increase its aromatic content and recombined with the remainder of the reformate. Suitable conditions are 600-1300 DEG F., 0-400 p.s.i.g., hydrogen fluoride to hydrocarbon weight ratio 0.1-4 and a L.H.S.V. of 0.05-4. The solid contacting agent may be activated carbon, calcium fluoride or magnesium fluoride and may carry 0.1-20% of a Group II, III or VIII metal or oxide or fluoride thereof. Small amounts of boron trifluoride and/or water may also be added to the hydrogen fluoride. |
