| 摘要 |
<PICT:0871433/III/1> <PICT:0871433/III/2> High temperature reactions in gaseous suspension, particularly the chlorination of highly refractory ores are carried out in apparatus comprising a mixing nozzle 10 producing a fluidized mixture of solid and gas, a graphite reaction tube 14 heated by spaced electrodes 22 and 23 and surrounded by a steel shell 16 packed with carbon black, a graphite chamber 20, a graphite cyclone separator 39 and a condenser 44. A nickel tube 13 leading from the mixing nozzle 10 makes an expansion joint with the reaction tube 14 by a graphite sleeve 15 and carries a flange 17 joined to the shell 16 by bolts 18 and an insulating gasket 19. Covers 31 carrying the graphite blocks forming the electrodes (see Group XI) are also sealed to manholes 30 in the shell by bolts 33 and gaskets 32. The chamber 20 and cyclone 39 have a similar construction of casing to that surrounding the tube 14. Powdered carbon and ores, such as oxides or silicates of titanium, zirconium, molybdenum, vanadium, columbium or tantalum are supplied through line 12 and chlorine through line 11, the fluidized mixture passing from the nozzle 10 into the tube 14. Chlorine passes through the porous tube into the surrounding carbon black, Alternatively, an inert gas or nitrogen can be introduced directly into the carbon black. Reaction products enter chamber 20 where the solid materials, e.g. untreated ore, carbon, &c. form a fluidized bed, and where high boiling point products condense, low boiling point fractions passing on through the cyclone 39 to the condenser 44. In a modification, Fig. 4 (not shown), the reaction tube connects directly to a graphite cyclone with a condenser following downstream, and a further modification, Fig. 5 (not shown), retains the chamber 20, dispensing with the cyclone. A final modification, Fig. 6 (not shown), has eight reaction tubes disposed radially around a graphite chamber wherein solids form a fluidized bed and which may be connected either to a cyclone and then to a condenser or directly to a condenser. The apparatus may be used for the recovery of iron from ilmenite, the mixture of ore carbon and chlorine being heated in the tube 14 to a temperature above 1600 DEG C. forming titanium and iron chlorides. The iron chloride being unstable at this temperature, iron as vapour or very fine globules enters chamber 20 where it condenses and is removed in molten form, the titanium chloride being condensed at a further stage of the apparatus. Other metals may be recovered where their chlorides dissociate at high temperatures in the presence of carbon without forming carbides. Petroleum may also be produced by the hydrogenation of powdered coal introduced through line 12, the hydrogen entering through line 10 and impregnating the carbon black around the graphite tube. Solid products are removed by the chamber 20 and the cyclone 39, the gases being condensed in a conventional condenser. Specification 369,943 is referred to.
|
