| 摘要 |
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a charging member which substantially prevents the occurrence of image variations even in the configuration of a charging member whose surface layer is moderately roughened, and which substantially prevents the deposition of toner and external additives used in the toner on a surface thereof even in long-term repetitive use, and also to provide a charging member achieving stable charge and image output over a long period of time even when used in a DC contact charging system. SOLUTION: A charging roller includes a metallic cylinder, a conductive elastic layer formed on an outer circumferential face of the metallic cylinder, and a surface layer formed on the conductive elastic layer, wherein the surface layer has an average thickness of 8-100 nm, the minimum thickness and maximum thickness of the surface layer are≥70% and≤130% of the average thickness, respectively, and the surface layer has a circumferential surface roughness of 1.5-8.0μm in terms of an area ten-point average roughness measured with a scanning type white interferometer. COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
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