| 摘要 |
<p>A charging member is provided having a support, a conductive elastic layer formed on the support and a surface layer formed on the conductive elastic layer. The surface layer contains a polysiloxane having at least one of structures represented by the following formulas (1a1), (1a2), (1b1) and (1b2):, X representing one functional group selected from the group consisting of-O-,-NR12-and-COO-; R11 a hydrocarbon group; R12 a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group; and Z 21 a divalent organic group. Toners and external additives used in the toners clinging to the charging member surface can be minimized even through repeated use over a long period of time, thus the charging member can perform stable charging, and image reproduction even when used in the DC contact charging method.</p> |
