DEVELOPING ROLLER, ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS FOR IMAGE FORMATION

摘要

A developing roller having a surface which effectively prevents low-molecular substances from oozing out of an elastomer and has excellent toner-releasing properties and which is sufficiently flexible and is less apt to crack even through repetitions of image formation. The developing roller is a roller for supporting and conveying a toner to develop an electrostatic latent image on a photoreceptor drum with the toner. It comprises a core shaft, an elastic layer, and a surface layer in this order. The surface layer includes a silicon oxide film containing carbon atoms chemically bonded to silicon atoms. In the silicon oxide film, the proportion of the oxygen atoms chemically bonded to silicon atoms to the silicon atoms (O/Si) is 0.65-1.95 and the proportion of the carbon atoms chemically bonded to silicon atoms to the silicon atoms (C/Si) is 0.05-1.65.