| 摘要 |
FIELD: technological processes. ^ SUBSTANCE: group of inventions concerns polymer material processing for production of fine-dispersed powder. Method of obtaining fine-dispersed powder from polymer material involves material compaction under pressure of 0.1 MPa to 100 MPa under shear strain and further reduction under shear strain of 0.5-1000 at diminishing pressure and temperature. Compaction is performed in two stages: first material compaction is performed at growing pressure and shear strain from 0.1 to 3 in cooling down environment, then compaction is performed at simultaneous homogenisation and material heating by the effect of shear strain from 1 to 1000 in isobaric and adiabatic conditions. Reduction is performed at cooling rate of 3-49°C/s. Device includes hollow case with upload and unload holes and removable case shell attached rigidly at the inner surface of case. Inside the case a rotary shaft is mounted coaxially, removable rotary shaft shell attached rigidly to its surface. Work zones of compression and reduction are positioned along the case axis. Compression zone features a pressure screw formed by spiral grooves at the outer surface of removable rotary shaft shell, separated by spiral edges. Annular compression chamber is formed between pressure screw surface and inner surface of removable case shell. Reduction zone features carrying reduction element in the form of ring ledge at the outer surface of removable rotary shaft shell, with spiral grooves of direct and/or reverse direction. Inner surface of removable case shell in the reduction zone is cylindrical, and annular reduction chamber is formed between the surface of carrying reduction element and inner surface of removable case shell. The device is equipped with cooling system. Additionally the device includes work zones of shear heating and fast cooling positioned along the case axis. Shear heating zone is located between compression and reduction zones. An annular hollow is formed at the outer surface of removable rotary shaft shell and inner surface of removable case shell in the zone of shear heating, with annular forechamber of shear heating formed between the surfaces of annular hollows. Annular discharge vent is made in fast cooling zone at the outer surface of removable rotary shaft shell to form annular fast-cooling chamber between the surface of annular discharge vent and inner surface of removable case shell. Annular groove is made in shear heating zone at the outer surface of removable rotary shaft shell. Closed heat-insulating cavity of rotary shaft is formed between annular groove surface and rotary shaft surface. Annular groove is made in shear heating zone at the outer surface of removable case shell. Closed heat-insulating cavity of case is formed between annular groove surface and case surface. Closed heat-insulating cavity of rotary shaft and/or of the case are at least partially filled with heat-insulating material. ^ EFFECT: reduced energy cost, enhanced efficiency, obtainment of fine-dispersed powder with high specific area. ^ 26 cl, 1 tbl, 2 dwg |
