| 摘要 |
<p>A polyurethane is made by mixing 1 molar equivalent of a substantially anhydrous water-soluble polyalkylene ether glycol having a molecular weight of about 750 to 20,000 with between 1 and 2 molar equivalents of a diisocyanate, heating the mixture in the presence of a polymerization catalyst at 70 DEG to 150 DEG C. for a time sufficient to form a polymer having a viscosity of 105 to 106 cps. at 85 DEG C. in a 65% by weight solution in toluene and thereafter terminating the reaction by adding a compound containing an active hydrogen atom. Specified diisocyanates are 2:4- and 2:6-tolylene diisocyanate, m-phenylene diisocyanate, 4-chloro-1:3-phenylene diisocyanate, methylene-bis-(4-phenyl isocyanate) and naphthalene-1:5-diisocyanate. Specified catalysts are triethylamine, pyridine, tri-n-butylphosphine and cobalt naphthenate. Specified compounds containing active hydrogen atoms are water, mono-hydroxy alcohols, monoamino compounds and aryl monohydroxy compounds. The polymers are applied in aqueous solutions as sizes to fabrics where they may be reacted in situ with formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, methylol melamines, methylol ureas, methylol ethylene ureas, copolymers of acetone and aldehydes or methylol acetylene diureas. The Specification describes the preparation of the polyurethanes from:-(I) anhydrous polyethylene ether glycol, 2:4-tolylene diisocyanate and isopropanol; (II) anhydrous polyethylene ether glycol, 2:4-tolylene diisocyanate and water; (III) anhydrous polyethylene ether glycol, 2:4-tolylene diisocyanate and ethanol and (IV) anhydrous polyethylene ether glycol, 2:4-tolylene diisocyanate and methanol, the catalyst used being cobalt naphthenate.ALSO:A method of sizing textile yarns comprises coating the yarns with a polyurethane made by mixing 1 molar equivalent of a substantially anhydrous water-soluble polyalkylene ether glycol having a molecular weight of about 750 to 20,000 with between 1 and 2 molar equivalents of a diisocyanate, heating the mixture in the presence of a polymerization catalyst at 70 DEG to 150 DEG C. for a time sufficient to form a polymer having a viscosity of 105 to 106 cps. at 85 DEG C. in a 65% by weight solution in toluene and thereafter terminating the reaction by adding a compound containing an active hydrogen atom. Specified compounds containing active hydrogen atoms are water, monohydroxy alcohols, monoamino compounds and aryl monohydroxy compounds. Specified diisocyanates are 2:4- and 2:6-tolylene diisocyantae, m-phenylene diisocyanate, 4-chloro-1:3-phenylene diisocyanate, methylene-bis-(4-phenyl isocyanate) and naphthalene-1:5-diisocyanate. Specified catalysts are triethylamine, pyridine, tri-n-butylphosphine and cobalt naphthenate. The polymers may be further reacted in situ on the fabrics with formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, methylol melamines, methylol ureas, methylol ethylene ureas, copolymers of acetone and aldehydes or methylol acetylene diureas to produce permanent sizes. In the examples: (I) a warp of polyethylene terephthalate yarns is impregnated with an aqueous solution of a reaction product of a polyethylene ether glycol, 2:4-tolylene diisocyanate and isopropanol and dried; (II) as in (1) with the admixture of a dimethyl silicone oil, perchlorethylene, toluene and oleic acid to the sizing solution and (III) a cotton warp is sized with an aqueous solution as in (I) containing formaldehyde, the mixture being cured by heating.</p> |
