| 摘要 |
<p>This invention relates to a method of producing a polymeric material, said method including the step of subjecting a starting material which includes a group of sub-formula (I): where R<SUP>1</SUP> is CR<SUP>a</SUP>R<SUP>b</SUP>, where R<SUP>b</SUP> is hydrogen or alkyl and R<SUP>b</SUP> is hydrogen, alkyl or - R<SUP>3</SUP> - R<SUP>5</SUP> =Y<SUP>1 </SUP>, or R is an electron withdrawing group, R<SUP>2</SUP> and R<SUP>3</SUP> are independently selected from (CR<SUP>6</SUP>R<SUP>7</SUP>)n or a group CR<SUP>8</SUP>R<SUP>9</SUP>,CR<SUP>6</SUP>R<SUP>7</SUP>CR<SUP>8</SUP>R<SUP>9</SUP> or CR<SUP>8</SUP>R<SUP>9</SUP>CR<SUP>6</SUP>R<SUP>7</SUP> where n is 0, 1 or 2, R<SUP>6</SUP> and R<SUP>7</SUP> are independently selected from hydrogen or alkyl, and either one of R<SUP>8</SUP> or R<SUP>9</SUP> is hydrogen and the other is an electron withdrawing group, or R<SUP>8</SUP> or R<SUP>9</SUP> together form an electron withdrawing group; and R<SUP>4</SUP> and R<SUP>5</SUP> are independently selected from CH or CR<SUP>10</SUP> where CR<SUP>10</SUP> is an electron withdrawing group, the dotted lines indicate the presence or absence of a bond, X<SUP>1</SUP> is a group CX<SUP>2</SUP>X<SUP>3</SUP> where the dotted line bond to which it is attached is absent and a group CX<SUP>2</SUP> where the dotted line bond to which it is attached is present, Y<SUP>1</SUP> is a group CY<SUP>2</SUP>Y<SUP>3</SUP> where the dotted line bond to which it is attached is absent and a group CY<SUP>2</SUP> where the dotted line bond to which it is attached is present, and at least one of, and preferably all of, X<SUP>2</SUP>, X<SUP>3</SUP>, Y<SUP>2</SUP> and Y<SUP>3</SUP> are substituents other than hydrogen and fluorine; to conditions under which polymerisation of the starting material occurs, with the proviso that if R<SUP>1</SUP> is a group N<SUP>+</SUP>HR<SUP>16</SUP>(Z<SUP>m-</SUP>)<SUB>1/m</SUB>, where R<SUP>16</SUP> is selected from hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or - R<SUP>3</SUP> - R<SUP>5</SUP> =Y<SUP>1 </SUP>only, and Z is an anion of charge m; then either (i) the polymerisation is a homopolymerisation or a copolymerisation in which the anion Z does not form a repeat unit in a resulting polymeric chain, or (ii) the starting material only includes one group of formula - R<SUP>2</SUP> - R<SUP>4</SUP> =X<SUP>1</SUP></p> |
