| 摘要 |
<p>An embodiment of the invention provides a method to clean a surface. The method includes at least partly liberating contaminants from the surface with a contaminant liberating device, and capturing the contaminants that have been at least partly liberated with a contaminant removal device, the contaminant removal device generating at least one optical trap to trap the contaminants that have been at least partly liberated. Embodiments of the invention also provide a device manufacturing method, a method to clean a surface of an optical element, a cleaning assembly and cleaning apparatus, and a lithographic apparatus.</p> |
