| 摘要 |
A bushing with wave relieving geometric features includes a unique geometric end feature such as a countersink or arcuate surface, which creates a pocket, volume, and/or reservoir, to receive an amount of material that is extruded in a longitudinal direction during radial expansion of the bushing. At the mandrel exit side of the bushing, the extruded material may be accumulated from a propagating wave of material preceding a radial-expansion mandrel. At the mandrel entry side of the bushing, the extruded material may be caused by the radial force of the expansion mandrel near the unrestrained end surface at the entry side of the bushing. The unique geometric end features of the bushing may also include a high portion on the end surface of the bushing to direct the fastener clamp-up loads through the radial flange of the bushing and into the workpiece. |
