| 摘要 |
Composite ion exchange resins comprising at least two intimately associated solid resins including an insoluble cross-linked resin and at least two ionizable resins, at least one of which tested alone is soluble in aqueous media, are prepared by absorbing a liquid monomeric material in a polymer and polymerizing the absorbed material. Specified ionizable groups are sulphonate, carboxylate, amino, alkyl- and dialkylamino and quaternary ammonium groups and resins may be prepared containing groups, e.g. ester and anhydride groups, readily convertible to ionizable groups. The resins may be sulphonated polystyrene; sulphonated polyvinyl toluene; sulphonated copolymers of styrene and vinyl toluene; polyacrylic acid; copolymers of styrene and maleic anhydride; copolymers of styrene and divinylbenzene; copolymers of styrene, ethyl vinylbenzene and divinylbenzene; copolymers of styrene, a -methylstyrene, ethylvinylbenzene and divinylbenzene; copolymers of vinylxylene and divinylbenzene; sulphonated copolymers of styrene and divinylbenzene; sulphonated copolymers of styrene, ethylvinylbenzene and divinylbenzene; sulphonated copolymers of vinyl toluene, ethylvinylbenzene and divinylbenzene; copolymers of acrylic acid, ethylvinylbenzene and divinylbenzene; copolymers of methacrylic acid, ethylvinylbenzene and divinylbenzene; copolymers of styrene, ethylvinylbenzene and divinylbenzene containing quaternary ammonium or polyalkylpolyamine, e.g. -CH2NHCH2CH2NH2, groups as nuclear substituents; polymers of vinylsulphonic acid, 4-vinylpyridine and ethyleneimine; sulphonated phenol-formaldehyde resins and condensates of phenol, formaldehyde and alkylene-or polyalkylene-polyamines, e.g. ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine tetraethylenepentamine. Preferably granular or powdered cross-linked resins, dry, wet or swollen with an inert liquid, are contacted with monomeric materials, which may contain solvents, plasticizers, lubricants and catalysts, e.g. sodium or potassium persulphate, tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, di-tertiary butyl peroxide and hydrogen peroxide, or redox systems, e.g. hydrogen peroxide and ferrous ammonium sulphate or potassium persulphate and potassium metabisulphite, and polymerization effected while immersed in an inert liquid, e.g. water, at room or elevated temperatures in a nitrogen atmosphere. The composite product may then be allowed to absorb another monomeric liquid which may be polymerized. Soluble polymer may be removed from the outer surfaces of the composite resins by washing. In examples acrylic acid is absorbed in (1) the sodium salt of a sulphonated styrene, ethylvinylbenzene and divinylbenzene copolymer; and (2) a styrene, ethylvinylbenzene and divinylbenzene copolymer containing trimethylethanol ammonium acrylate radical substituents; (3) ar-vinyl benzyl-trimethyl-ammonium hydroxide is absorbed in a sulphonated styrene, ethylvinylbenzene and divinylbenzene copolymer; and (4) vinylsulphonic acid and methacrylic acid are absorbed in styrene, ethylvinylbenzene and divinylbenzene copolymers containing tetramethylammonium hydroxide substituents, acrylic acid is absorbed in a styrene, ethylvinylbenzene and divinylbenzene copolymer containing -CH2NHCH2CH2NH CH2CH2NH2 groups, p-vinylbenzene sulphonic acid and methacrylic acid are absorbed in a styrene, ethylvinylbenzene and divinylbenzene copolymer containing trimethylethanolammonium hydroxide groups, ethylenimine is absorbed in the sodium salt of a sulphonated styrene, ethylvinylbenzene and divinylbenzene copolymer and 4-vinylpyridine is absorbed in a sulphonated styrene, ethylvinylbenzene and divinylbenzene copolymer. |
