| 摘要 |
The present invention relates to the development of analytical devises based on one or more cells (cellular biosensors) the surface of which has been modified by the artificial insertion of molecules that can react specifically with analytes under determination. These receptor molecules may be proteins (such as enzymes, antigens or antibodies), nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids or belong to any other chemical group able to react specifically with target molecules (=analytes=) under determination in one or more samples. The introduction of these molecules into the cell surface can be achieved by electroinsertion or any other appropriate method. Different types of molecules can be inserted into the surface of the same cell, particularly if this contributes to the selectivity of the reaction with the analytes under determination. The method includes the use of an appropriate biosensor containing the modified cellular material in free state or immobilized in a gel or on a substrate made of appropriate material, so that the measurement of the selective reaction with the analyte under determination is ensured. The measurement of the reaction can be achieved by any appropriated method related to a physical chemical property of the sensor, such as the measurement of the change of the electric potential or various optical properties (such as fluorescence, chemiluminescence or electrogenerated chemiluminescence). Consequently, the determination of a chemical or biological compound is possible provided that the pattern of a certain physical chemical property of the biosensor in response to various concentrations of this compound is known, relative to other compounds of similar structure or function.
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