| 摘要 |
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a charging member the surface of which toners and external additives used in the toners cannot easily cling to even through repeated use over a long period of time and which therefore can perform stable charging and image output over a long period of time, even when used in the DC contact charging method, and to provide a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus which have such a charging member. SOLUTION: The surface layer of the charging member contains a polysiloxane having at least one of structures represented by the following formulas (1a1), (1a2), (1b1) and (1b2). COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
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