| 摘要 |
Invention relates to industrial microbiology, namely to the biotechnology of purification of soil and water in case of surface pollution by hydrocarbons. The two-stage biotechnology of removal of hydrocarbons from environment is directed, first of all, toward the reduction of content of pollutant, which fell into the natural environment, soon after incident, and the recovery of a part of lost hydrocarbons into the production. The process of cleaning environment is conditionally divided into 2 stages: 1st stage: mechanical (physical and chemical) cleaning of the contaminated surface. During this process is used the removal from the surface of mobile fraction of hydrocarbons due to the application of mechanical (bottomless well) or physical and chemical (sorbing waterproof fiber, modified sorbents, which after use are subject to utilization) methods. Second stage: introduction of biological agent or preparation for decomposition of residual hydrocarbons. This solution allows within 3-5 days to free the surface water or soil from the hydrocarbons up to 95-98% and to prevent the loss of aqueous and ground inhabitants. Furthermore, after performing of operations at the 1st stage, is considerably reduced the amount of biological preparation, necessary for final rehabilitation of medium. In the comparative aspect are shown the advantages of two-stage biotechnology over traditional, namely: - reduction of the period for cleaning of medium; - prevention of loss of aqueous and ground inhabitants; - renewal of the structure of soil; - recovery into the production of a part of lost hydrocarbons; - introduction of biotechnology does not need a complicated equipment.
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