| 摘要 |
A liquid crystal apparatus includes a substrate that retains liquid crystal, a switching element provided in the substrate, a first insulating film above the switching element, a first electrode above the first insulating film, a second insulating film above the first electrode, and a second electrode above the second insulating film. The second electrode has a plurality of slits and produces an electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode via each of the slits.
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