| 摘要 |
1. Polyamide containing macromolecular chains of the formulae: wherein Y is a radical when X and Z are a radical Y is a radical when X and Z are a radical A is a covalent bond or aliphatic hydrocarbon radical optionally containing heteroatoms, and having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms. R2 is a hydrocarbon radical, aliphatic or aromatic, ramified or not ramified having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms. R3, R4 are hydrogen or hydrocarbon radical containing a group R5 is hydrogen or hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms R1 is a hydrocarbon radical having, at least, 2 carbon atoms, cycloaliphatic, arylaliphatic or linear aliphatic and optionally containing heteroatoms m is integer 3-8 n is integer 100-200 p is integer 100-200 mass ratio between the weight of polymeric chains of formula I and total weight of the polymeric chains of formulae I and II is from 0,10 t0 1. 2. Polyamide containing macromolecular chains of the formulae: wherein Y is a radical when X and Z are a radical Y is a radical when X and Z are a radical A is a covalent bond or aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which can optionally contain heteroatoms, and having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms. R2 is a hydrocarbon radical, aliphatic or aromatic, ramified or not ramified having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms. R3, R4 are hydrogen or hydrocarbon radical containing a group R5 is hydrogen or hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms R1 is an aromatic hydrocarbon radical optionally having heteroatoms m is integer 3-8 n is integer 100-200 p is integer 100-200 mass ratio between the weight of polymeric chains of formula I and total weight of the polymeric chains of formulae I and II is less 1, preferably less 0.9. 3. Polyamide according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that R2 is a pentamethylenic radical. 4. Polyamide according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that R1 is acyclohexanotetrayl radical, 1,1,1-triylpropane radical, 1,2,3-triylpropane radical, radical 5. Polyamide according to any Claim 1-4, characterized in that A is methylene, polymethelenic or polyoxyalkylenic radical. 6. Polyamide according to any Claim 1-5, characterized in that m is 3 or 4. 7. Method of polyamide manufacture according to any Claim 1-6, characterized in that it is obtained through polymerization of an aminoacid of the formula and/or lactam of the formula in the presence of a polyfunctional compound of the formula in which A, R1, R2, X and m have values as defined hereinbefore, in the presence of a compound-initiator of the polymerization. 8. Method according to Claim 7, characterized in that the initiator of the polymerization is water, mineral or carboxylic acid or primary amine. 9. Method according to Claim 7, characterized in that polyfunctional compound of formula (V) is selected from the group, containing 2,2,6,6-tetra-(β carboxyethyl) cyclohexanone, a compound diaminopropane-N,N,N', N'-tetraacetic acid, triamines, obtained by reacting propylene with trimethylolpropane or glycerol, and amination of hydroxyl terminal groups. 10. Method according to Claim 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that weight concentration of the initiator of polymerization in the reaction mass is from 0,5 to 5%. 11. Composition containing polymeric matrix and a filler, characterized in that the polymeric matrix contains, at least, one polyamide according to one of Claims 1-6. 12. Composition according to Claim 11, characterized in that containing polymeric matrix, said matrix contains one polyamide according to one of Claims 1-6. 13. Composition according to Claim 11, characterized in that containing polymeric matrix, said matrix contains a mixture of linear polyamide and polyamide according to one of Claims 1-6. 14. Composition according to Claim 13, characterized in that polyamide of Claims 1-6 comprises 30-80% in weight concentration respective to the total mass of the polymeric matrix. 15. Composition according to Claim 13, characterized in that polyamide of Claims 1-6 is present at mass ratio between the weight of polymeric chains of formula I and total weight of the polymeric chains of formulae I and II in a star formation exceeds 0.8, preferably from 0.9 to 1. 16. Composition according to one of Claims 13-15, characterized in that the linear polyamide is selected from polyamides obtained by polymerizstion between saturated aliphatic or aromatic diacid and saturated aromatic or aliphatic primary diamine, lactame, aminoacid or a mixture of this different monomers. 17. Composition according to Claim 16, characterized in that the linear polyamide is aliphatic and/or semicristalline or copolyamide selected from the group, containing PA 66, PA 6, PA 4.6, PA 12, or semuaromatic semicristalline pilyamide or copolyamide, selected from a group, containing polyphtalamides. 18. Composition according to one of Claims 11-17, characterized in that the weight concentration of the filler is less 80% of mass composition. 19. Composition according to one of Claims 11-17, characterized in that chargers are active fillers or fillers, enabling filling, selected from the group, containing glass fibres, hydrocarbon fibres, mineral fibres or fibres of thermohardening material, and powder-like chargers. 20. Composition according to one of Claims 11-17, characterized in that fillers are fire-resistant chargers. |
