| 摘要 |
An image forming apparatus including: an image bearing member having a photoconductive layer of a capacitance per unit area of 1.7x10<SUP>-6 </SUP>(F/m<SUP>2</SUP>) or more; and a developing device having a developer carrying member to which development voltage is applied for developing a latent image to form a toner image on the image bearing member, wherein the following Expression is satisfied: <maths id="MATH-US-00001" num="1"> <MATH OVERFLOW="SCROLL"> <MROW> <MROW> <MO></MO> <MFRAC> <MI>Q</MI> <MI>M</MI> </MFRAC> <MO></MO> </MROW> <MO>>=</MO> <MFRAC> <MROW> <MN>0.95</MN> <MO>x</MO> <MI>Vcont</MI> </MROW> <MROW> <MROW> <MO>(</MO> <MFRAC> <MI>M</MI> <MI>S</MI> </MFRAC> <MO>)</MO> </MROW> <MO>x</MO> <MROW> <MO>(</MO> <MROW> <MFRAC> <MSUB> <MI>L</MI> <MI>t</MI> </MSUB> <MROW> <MN>2</MN> <MO></MO> <MSUB> <MI>ɛ</MI> <MN>0</MN> </MSUB> <MO></MO> <MSUB> <MI>ɛ</MI> <MI>t</MI> </MSUB> </MROW> </MFRAC> <MO>+</MO> <MFRAC> <MI>Ld</MI> <MROW> <MSUB> <MI>ɛ</MI> <MN>0</MN> </MSUB> <MO></MO> <MSUB> <MI>ɛ</MI> <MI>d</MI> </MSUB> </MROW> </MFRAC> </MROW> <MO>)</MO> </MROW> </MROW> </MFRAC> </MROW> </MATH> </MATHS> where Q/M (C/g): an electric charge quantity per unit weight of the toner image, Vcont: a potential difference between a surface potential of the image bearing member and a direct current component of the development voltage, M/S (g/m<SUP>2</SUP>): a toner weight per unit area of the maximum density portion, L<SUB>t </SUB>(m): a toner layer thickness in the maximum density portion, L<SUB>d </SUB>(m): a photoconductive layer thickness, epsilon<SUB>t</SUB>: a relative permittivity of the toner layer, epsilon<SUB>d</SUB>: a relative permittivity of the photoconductive layer, and epsilon<SUB>0 </SUB>(F/m): a vacuum permittivity.
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