| 摘要 |
Textile washing and bleaching liquors are prepared by dissolving in water two aqueous liquid concentrates of which the first contains non-alkaline per-compounds, stabilizers therefor, and at least one non-oxidizable acid-stable organic nonionic and/or anionic detergent and the second contains washing alkalis, the two concentrates being used in amounts such that a liquor of the appropriate alkalinity, e.g. pH 9-10, for washing and bleaching is produced. In general, the second concentrate is always added before the first, and the goods may be given a preliminary wash with the liquor containing only the second concentrate before the first concentrate is added. The first concentrate may contain (a) as per-compounds, hydrogen peroxide, peroxyhydrated alkali metal borates, carbonates, phosphates, polyphosphates and phosphonates, and adducts of hydrogen peroxide with urea or with acetylated phosphites; (b) as stabilizers, acids such as phosphoric, polyphosphoric, sulphuric, hydrochloric, oxalic, benzoic, lactic, dipicolinic, quinaldic, quinolinic, ethylenediamine tetracetic, nitrilotriacetic, hydroxyethylethylenediamine triacetic and acetylated phosphorous acids, acid salts such as acid phosphates and polyphosphates, and bisulphates, and insoluble stabilizers such as magnesium silicate and meta-stannic acid; and (c) as detergents, ethylene oxide condensates with fatty alcohols, amines, acids, amides, alkanolamides and alkylphenols, condensates of protein hydrolysates with alkyl and alkylaryl sulphonic acids, soaps, alkylbenzene sulphonates, alkyl sulphates, fatty acid monoglyceride sulphates, fatty alkyl monoglyceryl ether sulphates and sulphonates, fatty esters or ethers of hydroxysulphonic acids, N-acyl derivatives of aminosulphonic or aminocarboxylic acids and fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulphates. Cations if present may be sodium, potassium, mono-, di- or tri-ethanolamine or morpholine. A preferred detergent combination consists of a mixture of polyethylene glycol ethers and of similar ethers which have subsequently been condensed with propylene oxide. The second concentrate may contain, as washing alkalis, sodium, potassium or amine carbonates, phosphates, polyphosphates, silicates and acetates; as foam enhancers, alkanolamides, amides, alkylsulphonamides and alkylbenzenesulphonamides; as hydrotropes, toluene or xylene sulphonates; as solvents, methylcyclohexanol, polyethylene glycols, polyglycerols and ethers of glycols and glycerol with C1- 4 alcohols; as viscosity modifiers and dirt carriers, polyacrylate or polymethacrylate salts, carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose sulphate, cellulose sulphonic acids, polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl pyrrolidone; as activators, copper ions; as bactericides, formaldehyde or formic acid: and as corrosion inhibitors, chromic acid and chromates. The two concentrates may be produced in separate bottles or, suitably, in twin sachets or packages of liquid-impervious material. The liquor produced should preferably have an active oxygen content of 20-200, preferably 40-90 mg/l. and a detergent content of up to 5 g/l., preferably 0.5-4 g/l.ALSO:Textile washing and bleaching liquors are prepared by dissolving in water two aqueous liquid concentrates of which the first contains non-alkaline per-compounds, stabilizers therefor, and at least one non-oxidizable acid stable organic nonionic and/or anionic detergent and the second contains washing alkalis, the two concentrates being used in amounts such that a liquor of the appropriate alkalinity, e.g. pH 9-10, for washing and bleaching is produced. In general, the second concentrate is always added before the first, and the goods may be given a preliminary wash with the liquor containing only the second concentrate before the first concentrate is added. The first concentrate may contain (a) as per-compounds, hydrogen peroxide, peroxyhydrated alkali metal borates, carbonates, phosphates, polyphosphates and phosphonates, and adducts of hydrogen peroxide with urea or with acetylated phosphites, (b) as stabilizers, acids such as phosphoric, polyphosphoric sulphuric, hydrochloric, oxalic, benzoic, lactic, dipicolinic, quinaldic, quinolinic, ethylene-diamine tetracetic, nitrilotriacetic, hydroxyethylethylenediamine triacetic and acetylated phosphorous acids, acid salts such as acid phosphates and polyphosphates, and bisulphates, and insoluble stabilizers such as magnesium silicate and metastannic acid, and (c) as detergents, ethylene oxide condensates with fatty alcohols, amines, acids, amides, alkanolamides and alkylphenols, condensates of protein hydrolysates with alkyl and alkylaryl sulphonic acids, soaps, alkylbenzene sulphonates, alkyl sulphates, fatty acid monoglyceride sulphates, fatty alkyl monoglyceryl ether sulphates and sulphonates, fatty esters or ethers of hydroxysulphonic acids, N-acyl derivatives of aminosulphonic or aminocarboxylic acids and fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulphates. Cations if present may be sodium, potassium, mono-, di- or tri-ethanolamine or morpholine. A preferred detergent combination consists of a mixture of polyethylene glycol ethers and of similar ethers which have subsequently been condensed with propylene oxide. The second concentrate may contain, as washing alkalis, sodium, potassium or amine carbonates, phosphates, polyphosphates, silicates and acetates; as foam enhancers, alkanolamides, amides, alkylsulphonamides and alkylbenzenesulphonamides; as hydrotropes, toluene or xylene sulphonates; as solvents, methylcyclohexanol, polyethylene glycols, polyglycerols and ethers of glycols and glycerol with C1-4 alcohols; as viscosity modifiers and dirt carriers, polyacrylate or polymethacrylate salts, carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose sulphate, cellulose sulphonic acids, polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl pyrrolidone; as activators, copper ions; as bactericides, formaldehyde or formic acid; and as corrosion inhibitors, chromic acid and chromates. The two concentrates may be produced in separate bottles or, suitably, in twin sachets or packages of liquid impervious material. The liquor produced should preferably have an active oxygen content of 20-200, preferably 40-90, mg./1 and a detergent content of up to 5 g./1., preferably 0.5-4 g./1. |
