METHODS OF MAPPING POLYMORPHISMS AND POLYMORPHISM MICROARRAYS

摘要

Described herein are methods for the high-throughput discovery and genotyping of nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA, including single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and short deletions and insertions. These methods take advantage of the fact that differences in DNA sequence result in the differential presence of restriction endonuclease digestion sites. Differences can be detected between individuals, or the relative presence detected in a population. Provided approaches involve isolation of short DNA fragments ("tags) near restriction endonuclease sites. The presence of one (or two) of these tags indicates that a site was present. Distinguishable labeling of tags from two individual or populations allows comparative presence of these sites to be assayed on a platform that employs a collection of nucleic acids. Other approaches depend on the differential presence of restriction endonuclease sites, but involve mixing genomic DNA from the two individuals. Regions of DNA with a restriction site in only one individual create an opportunity for primer extension to produce labeled material, which can be assayed on a platform that employs a collection of nucleic acids. Any of a variety of detection platforms can be use with the described approaches. By way of example, highly efficient variant detection microarrays and bead libraries are provided that contain genomic tags with different representations between two populations, so that most elements in the collection of nucleic acids contain an informative SNP between the populations of interest.