| 摘要 |
A vehicle ( 150 ) includes a fuel cell stack ( 151 ) started below freezing, by connection ( 158 ) to the vehicle propulsion system ( 159 ) within a few seconds of starting the flow of fuel ( 179 ) and oxidant ( 173 ), or when open circuit voltage ( 155, 156 ) is detected. The fuel in excess of stochiometry requirement and the oxidant in excess of at least twice stochiometric requirement, are at atmospheric pressure and at 4 kPa (0.6 psi) or more above the pressure of any water in said water passages due to a water passage vacuum pump 205, and may be below freezing. Water transport plates ( 84, 86, 88, 89 ) have water passages connected to a water circulation loop ( 170 ) including a reservoir ( 164 ) having an auxiliary heater ( 161 ) connected ( 160 ) to the stack. Warming of cell stack materials and ice in the water transport plates, heat of fusion of melting ice, warming of melted water, and evaporative cooling of water melted in the water transport plates keep the stack cool until liquid coolant is circulated.
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