| 摘要 |
Ion-exchange resins are prepared by copolymerising an N-vinylimide of a polycarboxylic acid with a cross-linking monomer containing at least two non-conjugated vinyl or vinylidene groups, the cross-linking monomer being copolymerized in amounts of from 1 to 40% calculated on the total amount of monomers, and subsequent saponifying of the copolymer obtained. Specified comonomers are divinyl benzene, divinyl toluene, trivinyl benzene, trialkyl cyanurate, divinyl ether, 1-3-5-hexahydrotriacrylyl-S-triazine, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, divinyl sulphide, divinyl sulphone, diallyl phthalate, diallyl maleate and diallyl ether, while the following N-vinyl derivatives are given, the phthalimide, succinimide, glutarimide, maleinimide, hexahydrophthalic - acid imide, D 4- 1 - tetrahydrophthalic acid imide, and the naphthalic acid imide. There may be used radical-forming catalysts such as benzoyl, acetyl, lauroyl, 2-4-dichlorobenzoyl, acetal-benzoyl, propionalbenzoyl peroxides, t-butyl, cumene and p-methane hydroperoxides, t-amyl peroxide, methylethyl ketone peroxide, potassium or ammonium persulphates, hydrogen peroxide, diethylpercarbonate, dipropyl percarbonate, alkali metal percarbonates, perborates and phosphates as well as azodiisobutyric acid dinitrile. Bulk suspension or solvent e.g. benzene, toluene, xylene, dichlorodiethyl ether, dioxane and chlorinated hydrocarbons processes may be used. The product may be produced as a bead polymer with a sponge structure by copolymerizing in the presence of an organic liquid solvent for the monomer but non-solvent for the polymer e.g., petroleum fractions, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohols, aliphatic nitro compounds and ethers. A third comonomer may also be present e.g., styrene, alpha-methyl styrene, vinyl toluene, vinyl naphthalene, vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, styrenes halogenated on the nucleus and esters of acrylic, methacrylic and vinyl sulphonic acid. Saponification may be carried out with sodium, potassium or barium hydroxides, lime water, hydrazine, organic amines, alkanolamines, hydrochloric, sulphoric, and phosphoric acids. The products may be chloromethylated treated with dimethyl sulphate, treated with formic acidformaldehyde mixtures or may be quaternised. Specifications 885,719, 894,391 and 900,307 are referred to. |
