| 摘要 |
FIELD: agriculture, in particular, energy saving processes for cultivation of fodder crops under insufficient moistening conditions. ^ SUBSTANCE: method involves turning soil layer once per rotation on raising of field from sown grasses; combining plowing performed with turning of sod layer with application of organic fertilizers and plowing-in of green manure crops, with plants of precursor crop being used as green manure crops, which are laid onto furrow bottom; during following rotation years, performing presowing surface mellowing in order to provide for desired seed embedding depth; according to first version, performing mellowing process in the form of slitting to 0.40-0.45 m depth during late autumn period, with strip spacing making 1.4-2.8 m; in early spring period, providing continuous mellowing of top layer to 0.25-0.27 m depth in direction transverse to slitting direction; upon growing of perennial sown grasses and frost resistant weeds, providing dressing of layer by disking to 0.12-0.16 m depth; performing additional disking process at 10-14 days interval for complete mechanical killing of plantation and keeping of stubble and root remains in top layer; carrying out leveling of relief by covering top layer; after sowing process, terminating cycle by post-sowing covering process; according to second version, performing volumetric mellowing during long-lasting winter thaws to 0.5-0.6 m depth with spacing during passages making 2-3 m; during early spring period, performing dressing of perennial grasses layer by disking to 0.12-0.16 m depth at 10-12 days interval for killing weed plants and stubble remains; according to third version, during autumn, performing moldboard-free flat cultivation of soil to 0.16-0.18 m depth by means of cultivators-flat hoes; dressing top root layer to 0.12-0.16 m depth; during early spring, destructing top layer crumbs by means of needle-type and/or disk-type working tools. ^ EFFECT: increased efficiency in restoration of soil fertility, accumulation of moisture and mineral feeding in root layer, and elimination of wind erosion of soil. ^ 4 cl, 15 tbl |
