| 摘要 |
FIELD: chemical industry; methods and the devices for production of carbamide from ammonia and carbon dioxide. ^ SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the field of chemical industry, in particular, to the methods and the devices for production of carbamide from ammonia and carbon dioxide. The method of production of carbamide includes the interaction of ammonia and carbon dioxide in the zone of synthesis at the heightened temperatures and pressures with formation of the melt of the carbamide containing carbamide, water, ammonium carbamate, ammonia and carbon dioxide. The carbamide melt distillation conduct at the heat feeding on the two stages of pressure preferentially at 15-25°C and 2-5 kgf/cm2. The carbamide melt distillation on the first step of the pressure conduct sequentially in two zones. In the first zone the distillation is conducted adiabatically or at the heat feeding, and in the second zone - at the heat feeding in the stream of carbon dioxide. The condensation-absorption process at refrigeration of the gases of the distillation is conducted with utilization of the aqueous absorbers. The formed aqueous solutions of the carbon- ammonium salts are recycled from the stage of the condensation-absorption of the gases of the distillation of the second step to the stage of the condensation-absorption of the gases of distillation of the first step, and also from the stage of the condensation-absorption of the gases of distillation of the first step into the zone of the synthesis. The evaporation of the aqueous solution of carbamide is exercised in some steps at the heat exchange between the gases of the distillation of the first step and the aqueous solution of carbamide at the stage of the preliminary evaporation. The installation for production of carbamide consists of: the reactor of the carbamide synthesis; the device with the heat feeding from the external source for distillation of the carbamide melt produced in the reactor of the carbamide synthesis at the first step of the pressure and consisting of the column of distillation melt of the first step and the film-type heat exchanger; the device with the heat feeding for the distillation of the carbamide melt on the second step of pressure; apparatuses for evaporation at heating of the aqueous solution of the carbamide produced on the second step of distillation. The devices for condensation-absorption at refrigeration of the gases of the distillation of the both steps switch on the heat exchanger-recuperator for heat interchange between the gases of the distillation of the first step and the aqueous solution of carbamide. The installation also contains a means for feeding of ammonia and carbon dioxide into the reactor of synthesis of carbamide, feeding of the carbamide melt from the reactor of synthesis into the column of distillation of the first step, from the column of distillation of the first step into the film-type heat exchanger and from the film-type heat exchanger into the device for distillation of the second step, the aqueous solution of carbamide from the device for distilling of the second step into the heat exchanger-recuperator and from the heat exchanger-recuperator - into the apparatus for the subsequent evaporation; the gases of distillation from the device for distilling of the first step - in the heat exchanger-recuperator and from the heat exchanger-recuperator - into the device for condensation-absorption of the gases of distillation of the first step; the gases of distillation from the apparatus for distillation of the second step - into the device for condensation-absorption of the gases of distillation of the second step; the solution of the carbon-ammonium salts from the device for condensation-absorption of the gases of distillation of the second step - into the device for condensation-absorption of the gases of distillation of the first step and from the device for condensation-absorption of the gases of distillation of the first step - into the reactor of synthesis, a means for feeding of carbon dioxide into the film-type heat exchanger. The technical result of the invention is the increased degree of the heat recuperation of the production cycle and reduction of he quantity of the heat exchangers using the heating steam from the external sources. ^ EFFECT: the invention ensures the increased degree of the heat recuperation of the production cycle and reduction of he quantity of the heat exchangers using the heating steam from the external sources. ^ 8 cl, 3 ex, 3 dwg |
