| 摘要 |
Biological assay systems with enhanced sensitivity may employ waveguides. Quantum dots, which are inorganic fluorescent markers, may be used as markers that will indicate a presence of amount of one or more target molecules (e.g., analytes) in a sample. Multiple markers may be bound to each target molecule or a corresponding competitive molecule to provide a more intense signal from each such molecule and, thus, increased sensitivity. Such multiple binding may be effected by cascading techniques, by binding markers to multiple sites on a target molecule or corresponding competitive molecule, or otherwise.
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