PROCESS FOR THE CONVERSION OF HEAVY CHARGE STOCKS SUCH AS HEAVY CRUDE OILS AND DISTILLATION RESIDUES

摘要

Process for the conversion of heavy charge stocks selected from heavy and extra-heavy crude oils, distillation resi- dues, heavy oils from catalytic treatment, thermal tars, bitumens from oil sands, carbons of different origins and other high boiling charges of a hydrocarbon origin known as "black oils", by means of the combined used of at least the three following process units: solvent deasphalting (SDA), hydroconversion with slurry phase catalysts (HT), distilla- tion or flash (D), characterized in that it comprises the following steps: * sending the heavy charge stock to a deasphalting sec- tion (SDA) in the presence of solvents, obtaining two streams, one consisting of deasphalted oil (DAO), the other containing asphaltenes; * mixing the stream consisting of deasphalted oil (DAO) with a suitable hydrogenation catalyst precursor and send- ing the mix obtained to a hydrotreating reactor (HT), in- troducing, into the same reactor, hydrogen or a mix con- taining hydrogen and H2S; * sending the stream containing the product of the hy- drotreatment reaction and the catalyst in dispersed phase to one or more distillation or flash (D) steps, by means of which the most volatile fractions are separated, among which the gases produced in the hydrotreatment reaction, from the distillation residue (tar) or from the liquid com- ing from the flash unit; * recycling of at least a portion of the distillation residue (tar) or the liquid coming from the flash unit, containing catalyst in dispersed phase, rich in metal sul- phides produced by de-metallization of the charge and pos- sibly coke, to the hydrotreating section (HT).