| 摘要 |
<p>1,245,754. Inertial-mass skid-control systems. TRW Inc. 25 Oct., 1968 [27 Nov., 1967], No. 50859/68. Heading F2F. A vehicle wheel skid-control system comprises a piston 29 in a chamber 28, an inertial mass 35, mounted for movement along the vehicle's principal axis, and including means such as parts 32, 30, connecting it to the piston 29 to bias the piston in one direction in response to vehicle deceleration, fluid system means 16 for generating a fluid pressure proportional to the rotational speed of the vehicle wheels and applied at 22, 40 to urge the piston in the opposite direction, and means 65, 73, for controlling the braking pressure applied to the vehicle wheels in response to a predetermined movement of the inertial mass. As shown, the apparatus consists essentially of three parts, namely, an automatic transmission 16 behind the car engine 11, an actuator 48 for permitting or preventing flow of brake fluid to the rear brakes, and a sensing device 24 which is responsive to wheel speed and vehicle deceleration and which controls the operation of the actuator 48. The sensing device 24 is located along the line of movement of the vehicle 10 and contains the inertial mass 35 which when the vehicle decelerates tends to move to the left. Such tendency is opposed by the pressure of fluid introduced at 40 and applied to the left-hand face of the piston 29 connected to the inertial mass 35. This fluid comes from the outlet 22 in the casing of the transmission 16 and is pressurized by a centrifugal governor pump in the casing, the pressure generated varying with the square of the speed of the drive shaft and thus of the rear wheels of the vehicle. The piston 29 acts as a valve spool controlling the entry to the chamber in which it slides of further fluid, this coming at 43 from an outlet 23 in the transmission casing and being at the usual regulated transmission pressure, e.g. 125 lb./sq. in. The sensing device 24 has an outlet 44 for this second fluid, communicating with an inlet 57 to the actuator 48. Thus upon wheel-looking, the governor pressure will suddenly drop, thereby reducing resistance to forward sliding of mass 35 (which is tending to slide because of vehicle deceleration). Transmission fluid is thereby admitted to the left of a piston 50 in the actuator 48. Such fluid forces the piston 50 to the right against the pressure of a spring 51 until a rod 65 integral with the piston 50 permits a ball valve 73 to seat at 74, thereby interrupting communication between an inlet 70 for brake fluid from the master cylinder (not shown) via line 75, and an outlet 76 to the rear brakes (not shown) via line 77. Moreover the pressure in the rear brakes is reduced by enlargement of cavity 61 by withdrawal of piston part 62 to the right. Preferably a lockout device for the sensing device 24 is provided. It consists of a piston 79, 80, 81 which is normally urged into abutment with an extension 31 on piston 29 by a spring 86 to render the sensing device inoperative. Brake fluid from the master cylinder line 75 is conveyed at 89, 90 to a cavity 78 where it may act on piston 79 in the opposite direction, so that when brake pressure is applied, and hydraulic pressure within cavity 78 builds up to the required minimum, spring 86 is overcome and the sensing device 24 may operate. It is stated that a separate pump driven by the engine could supply fluid at the pressure corresponding to transmission outlet 23, and a pump driven by the vehicle drive shaft 17 could supply fluid at the pressure corresponding to the governor pressure at 22.</p> |
