| 摘要 |
1,208,153. Tempering glass or glass-ceramic. GLAVERBEL. 8 Feb., 1968 [27 April, 1967], No. 6390/68. Heading C1M. Glass or glass-ceramic material is tempered by heating to bring at least its internal layers to a temperature above the strain point whereby an ion-exchange takes place between the heated material and a contacting medium, which is preferably in the form of a coating, so that compressive stresses are set up in the surface layers, and after the ion-exchange has occurred, the material is rapidly cooled to cause compressive surface stresses also to be set up due to the surface layers cooling more rapidly than the internal layers. The surface layers of the glass, in particular, soda-lime glass, are heated above or below the strain point according to whether smaller or larger ions, respectively, are substituted into the glass. In one embodiment lithium ions are caused to replace sodium ions in a sheet of soda-lime glass coated with a fused lithium salt by heating to a temperature above the annealing point and then cooling to below the strain point. In another embodiment potassium ions replace the sodium ions in the glass by heating the coated glass by thermal radiation to raise the temperature of the internal layers above the strain point, while the temperature is kept below the strain point by contact with a heated gaseous medium. Heating means include electrical resistance heaters or surfaces heated to incandescence by combustion of a gas. Soda-lime glass can be irradiated with infra-red radiation of wavelengths below 2.8 microns. As shown the apparatus may comprise a tank 1 containing a bath 7 of molten salt, an oven 2 equipped with gas-heated radiant heating elements 12, and a cooler 3 equipped with cooling air ducts 14 with nozzles for discharging jets. of cold compressed air. Articles 15 to be treated are attached at station 17 to an endless conveyer 16 which follows a cyclic course through the tank, oven and cooler, and are removed at station 18.. In another type of apparatus, hot air is blown into the bottom of the oven through pipes and withdrawn from the top. |
