Verfahren zur Dimerisation von insbesondere aliphatischen Monoolefinen

摘要

1,212,446. Dimerisation catalysts. SUN OIL CO. 4 Oct., 1968 [26 Oct., 1967], No. 47204/68. Heading B1E. [Also in Division C5] A catalyst composition comprises the combination of (1) a trihalonickelate complex having the formula (R 4 Q)+(R 3 PNiX# 3 )- wherein P is a phosphorus atom, Q is an atom of nitrogen or phosphorus, each R is a hydrocarbon radical with the provisos that, when Q is a nitrogen atom, each R in the (R 4 Q)+ cation is a hydrocarbon radical having at least two carbon atoms and, when O is a phosphorus atom, one R in the (R 4 Q)+ cation may be a hydrogen atom, and X' is an atom of chlorine, bromine or iodine, and (2) a Lewis acid organoaluminium compound having the formula RAlX 2 , R 3 Al 2 X 3 or R 2 AlX wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical and X is an atom of chlorine or bromine, the atomic ratio of Al to Ni (calculated as metal) in the composition being in excess of 2 to 1 and preferably being between 10 to 1 and 100 to 1. Subject to the aforesaid provisos, each hydrocarbon radical R may be an alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, aralkyl or aralkenyl radical and may have from 1 to 30 carbon atoms; examples of suitable hydrocarbon radicals R, which radicals may be the same or different radicals throughout the various moieties of the catalyst composition, are listed in the specification which discloses methods of preparation and literature references to methods of preparation of suitable trihalonickelate complexes. The catalyst composition preferably is prepared in the presence of an olefinic hydrocarbon. The catalyst composition may be used in a process for dimerising a mono-olefinic hydrocarbon having a double bond between two carbon atoms neither of which atoms is attached to more than one other carbon atom, which process comprises contacting the monoolefinic hydrocarbon with a liquid solution of the catalyst composition at a temperature of from -100‹C to 200‹C, preferably of from -50‹C to 100‹C. The solvent for the liquid solution may be a liquid aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, a liquid aliphatic or aromatic halogenated hydrocarbon or the monomer to be dimerised if such monomer is liquid. The mono-olefinic hydrocarbon may be an aliphatic olefin having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, for example ethylene or propylene; examples of other suitable olefins are listed in the specification. The process is applicable to the dimerisation of a charge material containing two or more mono-olefinic hydrocarbons whence codimerisation also may occur.