| 摘要 |
FIELD: industrial organic synthesis and petrochemistry. ^ SUBSTANCE: isoprene is produced via reaction of tert-butyl alcohol with 4,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane and/or formaldehyde in one reaction zone, namely upright hollow apparatus with, disposed inside it, shell-and-tube heat exchanger dividing apparatus space into top and bottom parts. Reaction mixture circulates through tubes of this apparatus in liquid-phase mode in presence of aqueous acid catalyst solution, at elevated temperature and pressure exceeding water vapor pressure at the same temperature, using molar excess of tert-butyl alcohol relative to summary formaldehyde equivalent. Reaction products are continuously withdrawn from reaction zone and subjected to condensation. Water phase is extracted with condensed distillate to remove organics, wherefrom isobutylene is recovered and sent to production of tert-butyl alcohol. Hollow apparatus is provided with one or two external circulation tubes connecting top and bottom spaces of apparatus, volume ratio of which is (2-2.5):1, respectively. Diameter of external tubes is at least fivefold greater that that of heat exchanger tubes. Feed is supplied to reaction zone in the form of homogenous mixture, preliminarily prepared in a separate apparatus and preheated to 80-90°C, together with recycle aqueous catalyst solution, the latter having been preliminarily freed of organics and passed at flow rate 15-20 h-1 through cationite. Process is carried out at circulation rate at least 100 h-1. ^ EFFECT: simplified technology and increased yield of isoprene. ^ 1 dwg, 2 tbl, 2 ex |
