| 摘要 |
Vinylidene chloride polymerization products, including copolymers thereof with minor proportions of one or more other polymerizable compounds (e.g. vinyl chloride, vinyl esters of organic acids, such as vinyl acetate, methoxybutyrate or laurate, esters of acrylic, a -chloroacrylic and a -methacrylic acids with alkyl and cycloalkyl radicals of six or less carbon atoms, such as cyclohexyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate or ethyl chloroacrylate, diesters of itaconic, maleic and fumaric acids with similar radicals, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and crotononitrile) are plasticized by the addition of 5-20 per cent of their weight of a compound of the formula <FORM:0635866/IV (a)/1> (wherein X1 represents a phenyl or mono- or dichloro- or methyl-phenyl radical, R1 represents an alkylene radical of 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms, to each of which carbon atoms is attached at least one hydrogen atom, and n is 1 or 0), e.g. a -methylbenzyl b -cyanoethyl, b -cyanoethoxyethyl, 4 - cyanobutyl and b - cyanoisopropyl ethers, and a -methyl-p-chloro- and -2 : 4-dimethyl - benzyl b - cyanoethyl ethers. In examples, the plasticizers are incorporated with the polymers by stirring with acetone and then evaporating the solvent, and in some cases the product is extruded through a nozzle heated to 170 DEG C. to form a monofilament.ALSO:Cyanoalkyl ethers of the general formula <FORM:0635866/IV (b)/1> (wherein X1 represents a phenyl or mono- or dichloro- or methyl-substituted phenyl radical, R1 represents an alkylene radical of 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms, to each of which carbon atoms is attached at least one hydrogen atom, and n is 1 or 0) are manufactured by (a) condensing phenyl methyl carbinol, its glycol ether or their nuclear mono- or di-chloro- or-methyl substitution products with acrylonitrile (to give the b -cyanoethyl ethers), with methacrylonitrile (to give the 2-cyanopropyl ethers), or with allyl cyanide or crotononitrile (to give the b -cyanoisopropyl ethers); or (b) condensing styrene with 3-chloropropanol or 4-chlorobutanol and treating the resulting chloro-ethers with sodium cyanide (to give the 3-cyanopropyl and 4-cyanobutyl ethers). The products are useful as plasticizers (see Group IV (a)). In examples of method (a), the condensation is effected in the presence of sodium, in benzene solution or in the absence of a diluent. In an example of (b), styrene is warmed with 4-chlorobutanol in the presence of p-toluenesulphonic acid and pyrogallol and the product is refluxed with sodium cyanide in aqueous ethanol. Specifications 517,934; 575,137 and 603,817, [Group IV (a)], and U.S.A. Specification 2,280,792 are referred to. Nuclear mono- and di-chloro- and -methyl-substituted phenyl methyl carbinols are obtainable by hydration of the correspondingly substituted styrenes, or by reduction of the corresponding ketones, or by Grignard synthesis from the corresponding aldehydes. |
