| 摘要 |
Polymers are made by polymerizing in batches, or continuously, and preferably at temperatures below 10 DEG C. and at a pH of 9 to 11.8, a monomer or mixture of monomers containing a CH2=C< group, in aqueous emulsion in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising a trisubstituted hydroperoxymethane having at least 10 and not more than 30 carbon atoms in the molecule and a reducing compound or composition. Preferably the polymerizable mixture contains an emulsifying agent, a freezing-point depressant, and a reaction modifier, e.g. a mercaptan. Specified monomers are 1,3-butadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, isoprene, piperylene, 3-furyl-1,3-butadiene, 3-methoxy-1,3-butadiene, chloroprene, bromoprene, methyl chloroprene, styrene, p-chlorostyrene, p-methoxy styrene, alphamethyl styrene, vinyl naphthalene, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl alpha-chloro-acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, methyl ethacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, methacrylamide, methyl isopropenyl ketone, methyl vinyl ketone, methyl vinyl ether, vinylethinyl alkyl carbinols, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl furane, vinyl carbazole, vinyl acetylene and mixtures. Hydroperoxymethanes mentioned are diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, methyl - ethyl - (ethoxyphenyl) - hydroperoxymethane, methyl-decyl-(methylphenyl)-hydroperoxymethane, dimethyl - decyl hydroperoxymethane, methyl-chlorophenyl-phenyl-hydroperoxymethane, t. - butylisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, dimethyl - (diisopropyl - phenyl) hydroperoxymethane, dimethyl - (dodecylphenyl) hydroperoxymethane, dimethyl - (methylphenyl) hydroperoxymethane, methyldecyl - (methylphenyl) and ethyldecylphenyl hydroperoxymethanes, dimethyldecylhydroperoxymethane, 1 - phenyl - 3 - methyl - 3 - hydroperoxybutane, methyldiphenylhydroperoxymethane, methylphenyltolylhydroperoxymethane, tritolyl hydroperoxymethane and solutions of these compounds in the hydrocarbon from which they are prepared. The reducing compound or composition may be hydrazine ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, aminoethylethanolamine, ethylenemethylethylenetriamine and mixtures, a mixture of a metal compound, e.g. iron, manganese, copper, vanadium or cobalt and an organic reducing compound, e.g. glucose, levulose, sorbose and invert sugar, or a complex of an iron salt, e.g. ferrous sulphate and an alkali metal pyrophosphate. Emulsifying agents which may be used are potassium laurate or oleate, potassium tetrahydroabietate, a hydrogenated oleic acid-rosin acid mixture, refined hydrogenated tall oil, a mixture containing fatty acids, rosin acids and sterols, hydrogenated rosin, disproportionated rosin acid, abietic acid crystals and salts of alkyl aromatic sulphonic acids or alkyl sulphates. The freezing-point depressant may be an inorganic salt or an alcohol, e.g. methyl or ethylene glycol, glycerine and erythritol.
|
