Biphenyl compounds useful as muscarinic receptor antagonists

摘要

This invention provides compounds of formula I: wherein a, b, c, m, p, r, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, W and X¹ are as defined in the specification. The compounds of formula I are muscarinic receptor antagonists. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, processes and intermediates for preparing such compounds and methods of using such compounds to treat pulmonary disorders.