PROTECTED ACTIVE METAL ELECTRODE AND BATTERY CELL STRUCTURESWITH NON-AQUEOUS INTERLAYER ARCHITECTURE

摘要

Active metal and active metal intercalation electrode structures and battery cells having ionically conductive protective architecture including an activ e metal (e.g., lithium) conductive impervious layer separated from the electro de (anode) by a porous separator impregnated with a non-aqueous electrolyte (anolyte). This protective architecture prevents the active metal from deleterious reaction with the environment on the other (cathode) side of the impervious layer, which may include aqueous or non-aqueous liquid electrolyt es (catholytes) and/or a variety electrochemically active materials, including liquid, solid and gaseous oxidizers. Safety additives and designs that facilitate manufacture are also provided.